Dacians|Mysteries of Dacian Calendar
There are a few Dacic-like buildings in the world that, although thousands of kilometers away from each other, and their builders belonged to quite different cultures, show similarities of construction that can not be just a coincidence.
The Dacian calendar of Sarmizegetusa is unique in the world, both in the way it was built and especially by the precision of calculations far superior to those of Stonehenge, Gobekli Tepe (Turkey) or Arkaim (Russia) on which this calendar is based.
The Dacians were much more technologically advanced than originally thought We are impressed by the amazing architectural achievements of the Egyptians, the culture of the ancient Greeks, or the unique military organization in the history of the Romans, but we know so few things about our ancestors, the Dacians. In school, in history books, we learn how the Dacians have stood up to the Roman invasion, only to eventually be conquered. And as if the whole Dacian history stops there.
Dacian civilization represents far more than a few battles with the Roman Empire. In fact, with more than 10,000 years of history, our ancestors are one of the oldest ancient civilizations discovered so far. For example, very few know that the Dacians were perfect astronomers; just like the Celts in northern England. At Sarmizegetusa there was a Dacian calendar, perhaps not as grandiose and popular as the Stonehenge, but more accurately.
To be able to build such a calendar, the Dacians had to have extensive knowledge of mathematics, geometry, and astronomy. Like the ancient Egyptians, the Dacians studied and measured the stars. But unlike the pyramid builders, our ancestors used hourly coordinates, not horizontal coordinates as the Egyptians did. And the city of Sarmizegetusa (the old capital of Dacia) is nothing less than the pyramids! The entire construction was conceived in such a way as to offer the possibility of permanent residence. At Sarmizegetusa, archaeologists have discovered both civilian and military buildings, roads, water supply systems, and complex drainage systems. All this was built long before the Roman invasion. So the question is, who has “civilized” who?
Another study on the Dacian calendar was published by Sebastian Vârtosu and Anisoara Munteanu in 2013 and was based on the research of the sanctuary ensemble of Sarmizegetusa Regia.
The two researchers established that a Dacian year contains 52 weeks, which means 364 days (52 × 7 = 364 or 13 equal months of 28 days each 13 × 28 = 364).
Dacians | The Great Anonymous of History
Mircea Eliade called the Thracians “Great Anonymous of History,” and the great Greek historian, Herodotus, said of Thracians that they were “the most numerous people after the Incas.” Perhaps one of the most well-known descriptions of how our ancestors were referring to science, it belonged to the Roman historian Jordanes and dates from the 6th century. Jordan, the author of the well-known Getica, presented the Dacians led by Burebista and his Deceneu trustworthy adviser as a very skilled people, a civilization with profound scientific and natural knowledge.
From the description of Jordan, it appears that the Getae knew the signs of the zodiac, the motion of the planets and had their own calendar. Other scholars have used the information provided by Jordan and historians in Antiquity to support their own ideas about the Dacian calendar that our ancestors would have used. The remains of the sanctuaries shrouded in the mystery of the Sarmizegetusa Great Hall also contributed to the development of interesting hypotheses. Hadrian Daicoviciu stated in his volume “Dacians”, a volume published in the Scientific Publishing House in 1965:
“The brightest confirmation of Jordan’s saying about the scientific (and especially astronomical) concerns to the Dacians is, however, the great round sanctuary in the sacred enclosure of Sarmizegetusa. Long considered as an enigma, it is hypothetically attributed to the most diverse destinations, from the circus to the necropolis or the altar of the solar god. Academician C. Daicoviciu made a great step forward by affirming the connection of this sanctuary with the calendar. In reality, it’s not just a simple connection; the monument is a true Dacian sanctuary. “
Nicolae Popa, a Romanian researcher, has devoted several years of research to the study of two great ancient monuments: Stonehenge and the Great Sanctuary of Sarmizegetusa. Starting from a visual observation, Nicolae Popa identified several similarities in the plans for the construction of the two monuments. Analyzing each architectural element in part, he found that from the point of view of the settlement, their inner circles are almost identical. The inner pillar of the pillars is divided into two halves equal to the axis that divides the fireplace. The horseshoes at both Stonehenge and Sarmizegetusa have an identical number of positions: 21. Both the sanctuary at Stonehenge and the Great Sanctuary at Sarmizegetusa (including the Dacian calendar) served to measure time and perform religious rituals.
But the similarities between the Dacians and the Celts do not stop there. Both peoples had very similar religions and beliefs. In fact, both cultures are believed to have a common source. The druids of the two civilizations did not accept the people to write and read because they feared their doctrine would spread among the common people. Because of this, there is nothing written from the Dacians, and this is probably one of the main reasons why the Dacian people were considered a barbarian people, an assumption that turned out to be completely erroneous.
From the spiritual point of view, religion, whether the Celtic religion, was very similar. Both peoples strongly believed in the immortality of the soul, which was also observed by H. Hubert, who made a parallel between the Dacian druidism and the tragic comrades. In both cases, the High Priest was of particular importance, this being one of the “pillars” on which both civilizations were built. Moreover, as Constant and Origen (one of the founders of the Christian church), the Celts were the ones who borrowed elements from Thracian religion, and not the other way around.
Returning to the similarities between Stonehenge and the Great Sanctuary at Sarmizegetusa, the experts identified no less than 16 common issues, of which five are remarkable:
- Both monuments contain horizontal solar dials having the same diameter (30 m / 98 ft);
- The existence of solstice-oriented rocket horseshoe stone (through the long axis of the ellipse to which it belongs);
- The central horseshoe is made up of the same number of vertical markers (34), which was highlighted in 1982 by astronomer NASA’s Maurice Chatelain;
- Both Stonehenge and the Great Sanctuary of Sarmizegetusa were built using common units of measure. The first one is based on a measuring unit of 7.7 m / 25 ft, and the second is based on a unit of 1.925 m / 6 ft ( 4th part of the first, the value of the embankment – the unit of measurement officiated in Romanian by Prince Şerban Cantacuzino);
- The existence of several triangles with Pythagoras relationships, whose sides mark major astronomical directions.
The Dacian calendar was very precise
Both the Sanctuary at Stonehenge and the Great Sanctuary at Samizegetusa contain extremely precise calendars. But between the two constructions, there is a fundamental difference: between the Dacian calendar and the modern calendar (the one calculated using performing computers), there is a difference of only one million. In fact, experts classify the Dacian calendar as one of the most accurate and original calendars discovered so far. From this point of view, the construction at Stonehenge is an unsuccessful copy, probably due to the time-blur of the accuracy of the original knowledge with which the celts in the Carpatho-Danubian space left. The Dacian calendar consists of two sanctuaries. The small round sanctuary contains 114 pieces: 13 slabs and 101 pillars.
- a pillar is the equivalent of a day;
- a slab is the equivalent of a week;
- the count can begin next to any slab;
- one year consists of three complete rotations and eight weeks;
- the year passed on the slab that was reached;
- the new year starts at the next post; a cycle of 13 years (until all the slabs are marked);
- In this interval, the Dacian year lags behind a year against the tropical year and the one-day correction applies;
- because of the two weeks of six and seven days, the duration of the years fluctuates, giving the following sequence: 364-366-365-366-365-364-366-365-364-367 days; of the
- A Dacian year is lacking in spring, summer is 21 weeks, and autumn and winter are 13 weeks each.
- The grand round sanctuary is structured in three concentric circles.
- The outer circle consists of 104 scaffolds that form a perfectly closed circle.
- Stuck to the first, the second circle consists of 210 pieces: 180 pillars separated into 30 groups of 6.
- The third circle, at a considerable distance from the first two, consists of 68 pillars arranged in 4 groups separated by the following rows: 17 pillars – 4 pavements – 18 pillars – 3 pavements – 16 pillars – 4 pavements – 17 pillars – 4 scaffolding.
This is what the authors of the volume “The Dacian Calendar of the Sanctuary Ensemble at Sarmisegetuza Regia” said:
“Let us turn our attention to the great circular sanctuary. The outer circle of stone consists of 104 pieces. At first glance, this number seems unusual, but if we think that it is twice the number 52, it all makes sense. 52 is the number of weeks in a year, and if we want to see how many days that year, we multiply 52 by 7 and have the answer for 364 days. So a complete rotation of the outer circle of stone in the Great Circular Sanctuary took place every two years. Then the Dacians made the necessary corrections. Why not after a year? Because it would have broken the symmetry of the perfect year. All equal months, every 28 days each, equal seasons of 13 weeks each (91 days). At least one year was to be preserved for this “perfection”, otherwise, the world was chaotic in chaos (that’s what many say about their religion and their psychology and mentalities). But why did not they make the correction after three, four, five years or more? The answer is simple – the Dacians were simple, practical, wise, and intelligent people, contrary to the opinion of historians who consider them barbarian. If it was too many years before the correction was made, the gap between the tropics and the Dacian year would have been too great. “
The “andesite sun” discovered at Sarmizegetusa, with a diameter of 7.1 m, has a disc of 1.5 m in the center. The inrush arrow is northward.
Experts believe that there were gifts for the gods. “The Andesite Sun” was discovered in a “room” without a roof, which prompted experts to link the Dacian faith to a powerful cult of the Sun.
Bibliography
- Ioan Glodariu – “Architecture of the Dacians: Civil and Military (2nd century AD)”, Dacia Publishing House, 1983
- Hadrian Daicoviciu – “Dacians”, Scientific Publishing House, 1965
- Crisan, Ion Horaţiu – “Origins”, Albatros Publishing House, Bucharest, 1977
- Mircea Eliade – “From Zalmoxis to Genghis-Han”, Scientific and Encyclopedic Publishing House, Bucharest, 1980
- Strabon – “Geographia”
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